Elastic joint.



No. 69|,57l. Patented lan. 2|, |902. C. LA DOW.

ELAsTlc JOINT.

(Application med' sept. 1s, 1901.)

5 Sheets-Sheet I. 2f 3 W-tnesses,

'Patented` 1an. 2|, |902.

C. LA DOW. ELASTIC JOINT. (Application filed` Sept. 13, 1901.)

5 Sheets-Sheet 2.

.. a l. m

(No Model.)

Patented 1am-2|, |902'. r c. LA now. 'ELASTIC JOINT;

V(Appncmaon mea sept. 1s, 1901.)

5 Shasta-Sheet 3.

(No Model.)

No. 69|,57L Y Patented 1an; 2|, |902.

' c. LA now.

ELASTIC JOINT. (Applicmiemv Bied Sept. 1S, 1901.) I Y (No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 5.

I THE MORRIS PEYERS ou.y PHOTO-Umm wHmuToN, D. c.

' ed to operate as shown in Fig. 13.

UNITED STATES PATENT EEICE.

CHARLES LA Dow, on ALBANY, NEW YORK.

ELAsTiC JOINT.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 691,571, dated..` January 21, 1902.

Application filed September 13, 1901. Serial No. 75,315. (No model.)

To L ZZ whom, it may concern.-

Beitknown thatl, CHARLES LADow, of the city and county of Albany and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inJoints, of which the following is aspecification.'

The object of my invention is to provide a simple and efficient means'whereby a jointor connection may be madebetween a rod or other member and a beam or other support for said member. l p

The drawings show the invention as applied to a spike-barrow. v

Figure 1 represents a longitudinal section of my invention. Fig. i represents a side elevation of Fig. l. Fig. Srepresents a rear elevation of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 represents an elevation of the spring B. Fig. 5 represents a lon-y gitudinal section of Fig. 1, showing method of attaching springin position byinstrument S, its double portion being broken away to expose the adjacent portion of the spring. Fig. 6 represents a longitudinal section of Fig.1, showing means for adjusting the rod. Fig. 7 represents a front perspeotiveview of Fig. 1. Fig. 8 represents ahorizontal seetion at line O, Fig. 1, showing rod removed. Fig. 9 represents a horizontal section taken at line O, Fig. 1, showing sectional view` of rod located in the saddle. instrument for applying the spring to the beam. Fig. llrepresents an enlarged longitudinal View showing the triangular position .of the ends. of the spring withrreference to the saddle-hin ge Qc. Fig. 12 represents a plan View of a" barrow-frame embodying my invention. Fig. 13 represents an end View of Fig. 2, showing by dotted lines some of the rods locked7 out of normal position. represents 'a detail viewshowingarod adapt- Fig. 15 represents a longitudinalsection with the saddie and rod made integral.

When the invention is to be used in harrows ofthe type shown,gl prefetto use the commercial shape 'for` a support for the teeth, known to the trade as aff U-beam, audjfor the teeth the ordinary square rod cut to proper Llength and sharpened; but other shapes can be used..4

Primaiily the joint lis designed to simply holdgtogether in operative position' under Fig. 10 represents an spring tension a support and a rod or other parts or pieces of an article or implement;

but as a refinement thereof the joint may be also adapted to permit one vpart or piece thus held to be slid or' adjusted lengthwise relatively to another part and there held in said adjusted position, and another refinement permits one part to rock relatively to another 6o part, and a still further refinement permits one part or piece to be held at different anl gles relatively to another part. t

Itwill be observed that this joint in all forms of construct-ion described operates on the principle of lever and fulcrum, the lever thereof being in all instances illustrated a rod and thefulcrum the bearing on support C, said lever or rod preferably having rooking motion relative to support C; but when 7o A 'the rod and its saddle are constructed as shown by dotted lines in Figs. 1, 2, and 11, so as not to rock, a nip is formed bythe said rod, causing the projection of the saddle to i impinge at y against one limb of the 'chan- 75 t e ,Y

nel-support and to also impinge at -z against its other limb, thus forming another fulcrum e', the said parts'in this instance not having rocking relative movement because of the nip caused by saidimpinging construction. 8o When' my joint is to be used in spike-harrows, saidimpingingconstruction enables a saddle and a rod to be constructed as shown s in full lines in Fig. 1 and to rock or not tok reckon its'supportC, asdesired, said'diierent results being produced by simply'haulf ing a harrow of the nsual'frame construction from either end of said frame. When hauled from one endof the frame, the rods will rock,

as shownin Figs.- 2V and 13, when obstruc-i '9o tions are met; but when the harrow is hauled from its opposite end `the. rod-carryingsad` dlefwill nip with :its fra-me Gand therod will` not rock, but will in such case operate as ai rigid rod, having the advantage,-however, ofv k l being heldunder springv tension on supportjC without self-movement either'laterally or vtransversely thereonand also having the fun y ther.` advantage 'of instantaneous adjustment relatively to the spring, which in 'suchin-Ioo ing far better than when held so as not to rock thereon, because the rocking movement described automatically sheds rubbish, avoids straining theimplementframe, or jerking the team When obstructions are encountered.

In carrying out the invention as applied to harrows the rod A is carried by saddle B, which is mounted on support C and is there held in operative position by the spring D. Working strains against the rod are minimized by its fulcrum action, hereinafter eX- plained.

The support C may be of such length, size, and form as will coact with the spring and rod to produce any result hereinafter described.

rlhe support C is of the Well-known channel or U form. In the side thereof opposite the channel I roll, when the support is made, a groove c, preferably V-shaped, into which one end of the spring D is seated and bites into said seat, but not sufficiently to prevent pivotal movement thereof in its seat.

The saddle B shown is of cast metal and is made to carry the rod A. The saddle has a notch b', in which one end of the spring D is seated. The saddle may rock transversely in one direction on support C; but it has a projection Z9 entering channel of support C which impingesthereon at y and helps sup port the saddle from rocking on the support C in the opposite transverse direction. The saddle B may be constructed not to rock in either direction on support C. projection l) fills the channel, as shown in dotted lines in Figs. 2 and ll. .Vhen constructed to rock on support C, said projection b is lnade as shown in full lines in Figs. l, 2, and l1. Vhen the saddle is constructed to rock relatively to support C, it is advisably made to wedge or otherwise fit closely between the channel-limbs and to so abut or interlock with a channel-limb as to form a stop, which prevents the rod or tooth from rebound when the spring has been strained, and then quickly returns to normal position.

The material of which the spring D is made may be of any desired shape or size, but its form should be substantially circular, with space between its ends sufficient to embrace and self-grip to the support C and saddle l B. The spring in its primary form is shown dotted lines in Fig. 4 show the expansion of the spring.

The spring embraces the sup- Then its 4 port and saddle and also that part of the rod which is adjacent to the saddle. rlhe saddle may or may not rock on its support, according as the saddle is constructed, as hereinbefore described, without affecting the self` gripping action of the spring.

The rod A is adapted to be adj usted endwise in the saddle, but held from self-movement therein by the end of the spring biting into the corner of the rod, which in this instance is square in cross-section. Said adjustment increases or lessens the leverage of the rod against the tension of the spring, according as the rod is slid and held relatively to the saddle. The spring can therefore be made to exert more or less pressure for different kinds of work, according as the length of the rod is adjusted under the spring.

The spring has sufficient power and is of such shape that its ends embed or indent themselves into their seats-viz., support C, as shown in Fig. 7, at c', and in rod A at asufficiently to prevent the spring from undesired movement in its groove c' lengthwise on support C and to prevent self-movement of the rod A in its seat in saddle B.

The saddle has a projection b2 adjacent to notch b', which serves as a retainer against Which the end of the spring seated therein draws when strained without sliding the rod in the saddle.

The shape described for the end of the spring permits a screw-driver or lother suitable instrument S (shown in Fig. 1Q) to be used as a lever to pry over fulcrum b4 to lift the spring out of biting contact with the rod sufficiently to permit the rod to be slid in its seat under the spring Without taking the joint apart, as shown in Fig. G. The rod may be removed and turned to a different position in its seat in the saddle without taking the joint apart. The rod maj also be removed for shipment without removing the saddle or spring, for in such instance the rod end of the spring then rests on a ledge or shoulder in the bottom of the notch in the saddle, as shown in Fig. 8, and thus without any rod under the spring holds the saddle to its beam by pressing the saddle and support together between the ends of the spring, whichthen has direct contact with the saddle B and support C.

By reference to Fig. l it will be seen that the contact-lines or relative supporting-bearings of the saddle support and spring are at lines l, 2, and 3, in which instance the saddle need not rock. By reference to Fig. 11, it will be seen that the contact-points for the saddle, support, and spring, the saddle being adapted to rock, are at a, c, x, y, and It will also be observed that the spring must first be expanded in order to locate it in position and to also cause it to exert force against the rod sufficientfor successful operation,and said expansion, which requires the application of considerable power, should be accomplished quickly and easily. This important IOS IIO

' all easy 0118.

result I obtain by adapting the different parts in form and location so they shall assist each other in rendering this otherwise difficult task To this end I loosely mount the saddle in position on support C so that the saddle projection b will abut against beam C to hold the saddle from rocking in one direction and place one end of spring D in the saddle-notch and its vother end adjacent to the support C, as shown in Fig. 5. Then With an instrument (shown in Fig. 10) I pry the end of the spring which is to enter the groove c around the support C, using the rounded side of said support as a fulcrum for said instrument Whereon` to rock the spring around until the end thereof held by the instrument enters the groove c, When the spring snaps into its seat c and the instrument may be removed. Other forms ofinstrument may be used for this purpose; but the form shown operates satisfactorily.

When the joint is used for a rod for an agricultural implement and an obstruction stops the free end of the rod, which in the form shown is known to the trade as being in itself a rigid barrow-tooth, the progress of the implement is not checked; but the spring action of the joint permits the frame to advance until the rod slants backward sufficiently to release itself from the obstruction, as shown by dotted lines in Fig. 2, when the rod instantly returns to its normal position, as shown in full lines in Fig. 2, with a snap, caused by the efficient form of spring I have described, and further assisted in said quick movement by the saddle rocking on one limb only of the U-support, thus avoiding the sluggish movement which Would ensue because of greater friction if the sadvdie rocked on a center coincident with the channel-support, (shown in dotted lines in Fig. 2,) thus forming another stop, but in an opposite direction and for a diderent purpose than the stop previously described. It will therefore be seen that the tooth is by the spring held to its work, but can rock and react in predetermined limits.

Inasm'uch as the rod, its saddle, and spring are supported at three points relatively to a fulcrum over which the rod may rock, the

traveling o1' rod end of the spring is carried by the rocking movement of the rodltoward a straight line with reference to the center of motion around Whichitrocks. Therefore the spring exerts greatest pressure against the rods rocking movement when it is in its normal position, the said pressure being self-reducing as the rod end of the spring approaches a straightline with reference to the center around which itrocks. Fig. 11 illustrates this feature, the point @being the travcling end of the spring, c its pivotal end, its fulcrum, and e' its rest, forming a highly efficientfour-point bearing for the working parts. This variable pressure enables the free end of the rod or tooth to move above and out of rubbish frequently encountered by agricultural implements and to clear it and other obstacles far better than if other- Wise constructed. The aforesaid construction has the holding-to-Work and yielding advantages of a lock spring-joint without the great expense and size thereof. I may vary this pressure or lock action as desired by constructing the saddle-notch to locate the point ct toward or from line 6, (shown in Fig. 11,) the rule being that the nearer point a is brought toward line 6 the less will be the pressure from the spring against the rod, and vice versa; but point a. should not pass line 4t only when it is desired to accomplish a special result, which I will now describe and Which is independent of the results previously described.

It is sometimes desirable to be able to hold the rod in another position relatively to its support than in the normal Working position heretofore described, and to accomplish such special result I form a notch L in the saddle projection b, as shown in Fig. 14, and I also cut away a portion of the saddle-stop at b3 inv said figure, which permits the saddle to rock to such an extent relatively to its support that joint a. passes line 4 and forms a deadcenter or lock-joint relatively to fulcrum w. The spring follows and permits this movementand at the proper stage locks the saddle and rod in the position indicated in dotted lines in said igure and continues to maintain them in said position until sufficient force is applied to the free end of the rod to break said lock-joint eifect, when the spring quickly returns the saddle and rod to normal workin g position, as hereinbefore described. The contact-bearings at c should be modified to accommodate this increasedA movement. Notch L and spring prevent disengagement of abutting hinge portions when rod is locked up. This special result is Very useful for many purposes and can be utilized in many kinds of articles and implements.

This joint is most conveniently mounted and operated on a support having yU form in cross-section; but it can be used with supports having other forms. The groove c may be omitted and a rib substituted, or a hole may be made through support C, in Which the non-traveling end of the spring'may rest,

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or'an indentation by chisel or center punch Y 01 other surface which is interrupted or made to be irregular in the direction in which the spring is strained will in some instances provide a suitable seat for the said end of the spring. I prefer, however, to use the groove c, as it enables me to place greater or less number of rods on a support, to change their locations on their support with reference to each other in order to slightly avoid crossbeams, such as occur in the frames of spikeharrows, or to adjust the teeth of an agricultural implement With greater nicety with reference to their trailing. This method of mounting rods on a support also enables me to avoid perforating it, which hitherto has been objectionable.

One very important feature of this invention is that when the rod and saddle are adapted to rock the spring also rocks relatively to the support on which it is mounted, thus affording a long range of movement at the free end of the rod, with only a slight expansion of the spring additional to that required to locate it on its support, thus avoiding overtaxing the spring and also enabling the manufacturer to secure a maximum movement for the rod with a minimum length of spring. Said construction is not only economical, but it also permits implements or articles, such as the beams of a spike-harrow, to be rocked for adjusting the pitch of the teeth without the spring coming in contact with the ground. It also enables harrows embodying this construction to be piled up in small space for storage or transportation.

It will be seen that the spring encircles the support C and covers the fastened end of the rod which projects from its support, and

when used with spike-barrow teeth furnishes l such a protection that neither the operator t nor team need beinjured by their upper ends. The spring not only has a pivotal motion in the groove c,but also has a slight pivotal movement at its contact-point a with the rod, thus assisting to increase the range of movement without overtaXing the spring.

The saddle projection b is made slightl y tapering, and the pressure of the spring drives the wedge of the saddle into the channel, so as to fit closely not only when new, but to also take up wear of the parts, so that the rod will always be held iirmly, even after long use, relatively to its support, and so that wrenching strains against the rod-fastenings, such as are incident to turning a spike-harrow around when its teeth are in the ground, are thus overcome.

One size and shape of saddle will receive and. retain various sizes and shapes of rods, the spring adapting itself to them all and having sufficient range of movement to embrace and bite into any size or shape of rod that will enter the saddle and also having sufficient power to hold against undesired movement therein any rod that will enter the saddle.

When used for agricultural implements, the construction of saddle and rod previously described gives the user a choice of teeth,

enabling a variety of work to be done with one implement.

Where my joint is applied to an article or implement having many rodsfor instance, a spike-harrow-each rod or tooth thereof may rock on a center independent of others, so that rubbish will work out of a harrow better than if constructed otherwise, and although each rod may be rigid in itself, retaining the qualities desired for certain work, yet in another sense it becomes a spring, and therefore a small-sized rod held to its work by an individual spring therefore will stand hard service better than a larger one when made to be unyielding.

When it is desired to construct a joint so that the spring D will be maintained at a right angle to the length of support C, Iform a socket or slot, through which the spring passes, as shown in Figs. 1 and 3. The spring will, however, perform its functions if its body portion is not maintained at a right angle to the beam.

By reference to the drawings it will be seen that the saddle forms a Wedge between itself and the channel-support, and any tendency of the rod to move transversely and backwardly relative to the support and beyond its predetermined limits causes the saddle and support to nip together, as shown at 1/ and 2, Figs. l, 2, and 3, and prevent undue movement of the parts relative to each other. The angular or transverse projections R R R R of the saddle interlock with beam C, through the lines x2, (shown in Figs. 3 and 1,) and assist the wedge action of the saddle in overcoming oblique or twisting strains thereon. In some instances I make the rod integral with the saddle, as represented in Fig. l5.

ln the drawings I have shown my invention applied to the usual frames of harrows. The teeth and beams thereof are the prototypes or equivalents, respectively, of the rods or other members and beams or other supports first mentioned. However, such application of my invention to harrows is not shown with any intention of in any wise limiting lnyself thereto, but simply as showing one of the many practical applications of my invention.

By the use of my invention I secure an efficient and simple joint between the rod or other member and a beam, pipe, shaft, or other support for said member, and I am enabled thereby to dispense with riveting or the use of screws or bolts, nuts, and other objectionable and expensive devices. Moreover, my joint may obviously be employed in many different places and to subserve many different purposes. For instance, my invention may be used in the manufacture of agricultural implements Where it is necessary to secure a rod or tooth to a beam or other support, such as in harrows and hay-tools, although the invention can find advantageous application elsewhere. Consequently I contemplate all the uses to which my invention is appli- IOO IIO

cable and all the forms in which it may be constructed.

While I have described parts suitable for implements such as are shown in the drawings, it is obvious that many changes may be made in their form and proportion and that equivalents may be used without departing from the spirit and scope of my invention and claims.

I claiml. A joint comprising two parts fulcrumed across each other, each part having a seat for a spring, and a circular spring having portions engaging with said seats and adapted to lock them at opposite sides of'said fulcrum.

2. A joint comprising a support, a saddle suitably mounted thereon, and a spring having an end adapted to bite into the support and also adapted to support the saddle relatively to the support.

3. A joint comprising a support having an open seam, a saddle mounted in the seam, a rod supported by the saddle, and a spring embracing and holding them togetherin operative relation by its resiliency.

4:. A joint comprising a support, a saddle adapted to rock on the support transversely thereto, and a spring hinged relatively to the support and self-gripping said parts together.

5. A joint comprising a support, a perforated saddle, a rod adjustable lengthwise in said perforation, and a spring self-gripping said parts together.

6. A joint comprising a support, a rod and a saddle therefor interlocking with said support, a seat in said saddle, a spring fulcrumed therein and fulcrumed by its other end to the beam, and a retainer for the spring carried by the saddle.

'7.` A joint comprising a channeled support, a saddle adapted to rock relatively thereto, a rod mounted in the saddle, and a spring, in combination with a projection from the saddle interlocking with the support to prevent rebound of the saddle relatively to the beam when returned to its normal position by the spring. i

8. In a joint in combination with tongueand-grooved parts an expansible spring embracing between its ends and holding together under self-reducin g spring tension said parts.

9. In a joint a support, a saddle mounted loosely thereon, a rod carried by the saddle, and a spring for binding the saddle to the support, in combination with a double stop cooperating with the support and saddle to limit the rocking of the saddle in opposite directions relatively to the support.

lO. A joint comprising a support, a saddle locked loosely thereto in one position by its coniiguration and having a projection thereon adapted to lock it to the supportin another position, and a spring embracing said parts and holding them in contact.

11. A joint'comprising a support, a spring mounted thereon, a saddle having an opening therein adapted to receivea rod and also having a notch therein adapted to receive an end of a spring, and a ledge between said openings.

12. A joint comprising a saddle, a support therefor, andan embracing-spring supporting the saddle crosswise relatively to said support and self-maintainable thereon by pressure of the spring.

13. A joint comprising imperforate rod A, perforated saddle B holding said rod, imperforate support C supporting said saddle, and spring D self-gripping the parts together.

14. A joint comprising a support,^a saddle thereon, a rod carried by the saddle, and a spring embracing the support and the rod between and by cornered portions of the spring.

l5. A joint comprising a support, a saddle rocking on a projection of the support as its center of motion, a spring engaging with the support and saddle and adapted to press them together in combination with means adapted to stop the rocking movement of the saddle at a predetermined limit relatively 'to the support.

16. A joint comprising a support, a saddle interlocking therewith, a rod carried by the saddle, and a spring operatively engagingand holding the-parts to each other and covering an end of said rod.

17. In a joint a support having a proportionately large channel on vone side and a relatively small channel on an opposite side thereof,in combination with a spring attached in one of said channels and also holding arodcarrying saddle in operative position on the support.

18. In a joint a saddle adapted to rock `on a support therefor said support and a rod carried by the saddle, in' combination with a spring seated on the support and adapted to maintain the free end of the rod at'two predetermined angles relative to said support.

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19. A'joint comprising a channeled supl port, a saddle adapted to rock on a limb of the support, a notch L, in the saddle adapted to interlock with said limb, and a spring embracing| the support and saddle.

20. A joint comprising a saddle, asupport therefor inter-locked therewith at their bearing against each other, and a spring embracing the support and saddle and surrounded between its ends by the saddle.

21. A joint comprising a support, asaddle carried thereby rigidly in one direction transversely thereto and flexibly thereto in the-opposite direction, and a spring-which sel f-grips the saddle to the support.

22. A joint comprising a saddle-support,a rod-carrying saddle loosely engaging with said support, and a spring self-gripping said parts together. f

23. In a joint a support for a saddle, asaddle mounted thereon, a rod carried by the saddle, and a spring self-gripping said parts together, the spring having rocking movement on an integral end thereof and in line with its spring action.

24C. In a joint a spring self-gripped to a saddle-carrying support and to a saddle thereon, and a rod carried by the saddle, a portion of one end of the spring being maintained out of Contact with the part gripped by the spring.

25. In a joint a spring self-gripped by its end to a support therefor and to a rod-carrying saddle mounted on said support,the spring having one of its ends constructed atan angle relatively to its body-portion.

26. In a joint a spring self-gripped by one of its ends to a support and retained by its other end by a saddle on the support, in combination with a rod held from endwise movement relatively to the saddle by the saddle end of the spring biting into said rod.

27. A joint comprising an operative mechanical structure consisting of an expansible spring self-gripped on and with two parts of said joint which are thereby loosely hinged into each other, one part thereof being adapted to rock relatively to the other and one end of the spring being pivotally held on the stationary part and the other end traveling in concert with said rocking part,

28. A joint comprising a circular expansible spring having an opening therein, and two parts of said joint having a tongue-andgrooved metal bearing rocking against each other at a point within the circle formed by the metal of the spring which assembles and self-grips said parts together.V

29. A joint comprising a circular expansible spring having an opening therein, and two metal parts of said joint arranged between the ends of the spring, and a rod gripped at a corner thereof by the spring and thereby held in and relatively to one of said metal parts.

30. A joint comprising two metal parts and a spring connecting itself and said parts together at four fulcrum-bearings two of which have configuration adapted to interlock together.

8l. A joint comprising two metal parts interlocked together transversely relatively to each other, each having at a side thereof a seat for a spring, in combination with an eX- pansible spring tting into said seats.

32. In a joint a rod-carrying saddle rocking within limits on a projection of a support for the saddle and nipping simultaneously with opposing portions of said support at a predetermined stage of said rocking movement, in combination with a spring engaging with the saddle and support.

33. A joint comprising a rod-carrying saddle laterally adjustable on asupport therefor, and a circular spring self-gripping the parts together.

34. In a joint, a rod-carrying saddle, laterally adjustable on a support, said support and a circular spring self-gripping the parts together at a fulcru m-bearing located within the circle of the spring, one end thereof being adjustable relatively to said f ulcru r11-bearing.

35. A joint comprising a saddle, a threesided support therefor, two of said sides abutting against the saddle, and a spring selfgripped to the saddle and to the third side of said support.

36. A joint comprising a rod-carrying saddle and a support therefor said parts having interlocking wedge portions, in combination with a spring pressing the inclined surfaces of said wedge portions into close contact.

37. A joint comprising a rod-carrying saddle and a channel-support therefor, the saddle having bracing lateral bearingportions between it and the support, and a spring selfgripping said lateral bearing portions into contact with the support.

38. In a joint a rod-carrying saddle, a support therefor having at one side thereof an interlocking hinge connection with the saddle and having an opposite side thereof inclined relatively to the saddle, in combination with a projection on the saddle which may nip with said'inclined surface as the saddle is being rocked on its hinge.

39. A joint comprising a rod-carrying saddle having a projection from one side thereof at a right angle thereto, a support for the saddle having a channel with right-angled interior walls adapted to impinge on the saddle projection located between said walls, and a circular spring having an end thereof engaging with the channel-support and its other end engaging with the saddle.

40. A joint comprising a rod-carrying saddle located between the limbs of a channeled support and adapted to rock on one of said limbs, and a spring engaging the saddle at a point relatively between the limbs of the channel and also engaging the support at a point relatively between the limbs thereof but on the side opposite to the saddle, in combination with a projection from the saddle adapted to impinge upon the exterior of said support at a point between the saddle-hinge and the springs engagement with said support.

41. A joint comprising a saddle-carrying support, a saddle thereon, a cornered rod maintained by the saddle diamondwise relatively to the support, and a spring self-gripping the parts together.

42. A joint comprising a support having one exterior side thereof rounded and the opposite side thereof constituting a liat bearing, a rod-carrying saddle abutting against said at bearing, and a spring self-gripping said parts together.

43. In a joint a rod-carrying saddle, a support therefor, and a circular spring having an end thereof loosely seated in the saddle and its other end engaging a seat therefor on the support, said spring adapted to be rocked on its seated end and expanded simultane- IOO IIO

ously with said rocking movement until its free end engages With a seat therefor on the support.

44. A joint comprising a rod-carrying saddle, a support therefor, and a circular spring having an end seated in the saddle and its other end seated on the support, in combination with retainer b2 and projection 5*.

45. A joint comprising two separate metal parts placed in abutting interlocking contact with each other, and a self-gripping spring embracing within said circle the said abutting portions, the metalof the spring biting into the metal of said paris.

46. A joint comprising a rod-carrying saddle and a support therefor looked loosely thereto so that the saddle may rock trans- 47. A joint comprising a rod-carrying slot-r ted saddle adapted to rook relatively to a support therefor, in combination With said support and a spring in the slot adapted to rock on an end thereof and self-gripping the sadspring abutting against opposing portions of said parts.

49.A A joint comprising a rod-carrying saddle adapted to rock on a support therefor, said support and a self-gripping spring uniting said parts and having one end thereof fnlcrnmed to the support and its other end adapted to follow the rocking movement of the saddle.

50. In a joint a rod-carrying saddle, a sup port therefor having an exterior surface adapted to turn in a bearing therefor adjacent to the saddle, and a spring self-gripping the saddle and support together.

51. A joint comprising a support having` two limbs and a member held transversely relatively to said limbs by a spring.L

CHARLES LA DOW.

Witnesses:

ALEX. SELKIRK, THEoDoRE B. HASELDEN. 

